Periodontal diseases, also known as gum diseases, are a group of inflammatory conditions that affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, including the gums, bone, and ligaments. These diseases are caused by the buildup of bacterial plaque on the teeth and gums, which can lead to inflammation and infection.
There are two main types of periodontal disease: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the milder form of the disease and is characterized by inflammation of the gums. It is often reversible with proper dental hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly and getting professional cleanings.
Periodontitis is a more advanced form of the disease that occurs when gingivitis is left untreated. It can lead to the destruction of the bone and other supporting tissues around the teeth, and can eventually cause tooth loss. Treatment for periodontitis typically involves deep cleaning, medications, and in some cases, surgery.
Risk factors for periodontal diseases include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, genetic factors, hormonal changes, and certain medications. Regular dental check-ups and proper oral hygiene are important for preventing and treating periodontal diseases.
